Ken Livingstone is a British politician known for his prominent role in London politics, particularly as the first Mayor of London, serving from 2000 to 2008. Often nicknamed "Red Ken" for his left-wing views, Livingstone was originally a member of the Labour Party but later ran successfully as an independent before re-joining the party. He first rose to national prominence in the 1980s as the leader of the Greater London Council (GLC), where he implemented progressive policies on public transport, housing, and minority rights. Livingstone is also remembered for introducing the London congestion charge and advocating for environmental initiatives during his mayoralty. Despite his achievements, his career has been marred by controversies, including remarks on sensitive topics that led to suspensions from the Labour Party and criticism from across the political spectrum.